The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container

Apache Tomcat 7

Version 7.0.22, Sep 27 2011
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Apache Tomcat Development

Monitoring and Managing Tomcat

Table of Contents
Introduction

Monitoring is a key aspect of system administration. Looking inside a running server, obtaining some statistics or reconfiguring some aspects of an application are all daily administration tasks.

Enabling JMX Remote

The Sun website includes the list of options and how to configure JMX Remote on Java 5: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html.

The following is a quick configuration guide for Java 6:

Add the following parameters to your Tomcat startup script:

    set CATALINA_OPTS=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=%my.jmx.port% \
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
    -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
    

  1. If you require authorization, add and change this :
        -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \
        -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=../conf/jmxremote.password \
        -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=../conf/jmxremote.access \
        
  2. edit the access authorization file $CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access :
    monitorRole readonly
    controlRole readwrite
        
  3. edit the password file $CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.password :
    monitorRole tomcat
    controlRole tomcat
        
    Tip: The password file should be read-only and only accessible by the operating system user Tomcat is running as.
Note:The JSR 160 JMX-Adaptor opens a second data channel on a random port. That is a problem when you have a local firewall installed.

Manage Tomcat with JMX remote Ant Tasks

To simplify JMX usage with Ant 1.6.x, a set of tasks is provided that may be used with antlib.

antlibCopy your catalina-ant.jar from $CATALINA_HOME/lib to $ANT_HOME/lib.

The following example shows the JMX Accessor usage:

<project name="Catalina Ant JMX" 
        xmlns:jmx="antlib:org.apache.catalina.ant.jmx" 
        default="state"
        basedir=".">
    <property name="jmx.server.name" value="localhost" />
    <property name="jmx.server.port" value="9012" />
    <property name="cluster.server.address" value="192.168.1.75" />
    <property name="cluster.server.port" value="9025" />
 
    <target name="state" description="Show JMX Cluster state">
        <jmx:open
            host="${jmx.server.name}"
            port="${jmx.server.port}"
            username="controlRole"
            password="tomcat"/>
        <jmx:get
            name="Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,senderAddress=${cluster.server.address},senderPort=${cluster.server.port}" 
            attribute="connected"
            resultproperty="IDataSender.backup.connected"
            echo="false"
        />
       <jmx:get
            name="Catalina:type=ClusterSender,host=localhost" 
            attribute="senderObjectNames"
            resultproperty="senderObjectNames"
            echo="false"
        />
        <!-- get current maxActiveSession from ClusterTest application
             echo it to Ant output and store at 
             property <em>clustertest.maxActiveSessions.orginal</em>
        -->
       <jmx:get
            name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost" 
            attribute="maxActiveSessions"
            resultproperty="clustertest.maxActiveSessions.orginal"
            echo="true"
        />
        <!-- set maxActiveSession to 100
        -->
        <jmx:set
            name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost" 
            attribute="maxActiveSessions"
            value="100"
            type="int"
        />
        <!-- get all sessions and split result as delimiter <em>SPACE</em> for easy
             access all session ids directly with Ant property sessions.[0..n].
        -->
        <jmx:invoke
            name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost" 
            operation="listSessionIds"
            resultproperty="sessions"
            echo="false"
            delimiter=" "
        />
        <!-- Access session attribute <em>Hello</em> from first session.
        -->
        <jmx:invoke
            name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost" 
            operation="getSessionAttribute"
            resultproperty="Hello"
            echo="false"
        >
          <arg value="${sessions.0}"/>
          <arg value="Hello"/>
        </jmx:invoke> 
        <!-- Query for all application manager.of the server from all hosts
             and bind all attributes from all found manager MBeans.
        -->
        <jmx:query
            name="Catalina:type=Manager,*" 
            resultproperty="manager"
            echo="true"
            attributebinding="true"
        />
        <!-- echo the create properties -->
        <echo>
           senderObjectNames: ${senderObjectNames.0}
           IDataSender.backup.connected: ${IDataSender.backup.connected}
           session: ${sessions.0}
           manager.length: ${manager.length}
           manager.0.name: ${manager.0.name}
           manager.1.name: ${manager.1.name}
           hello: ${Hello}
           manager.ClusterTest.0.name: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.name}
           manager.ClusterTest.0.activeSessions: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.activeSessions}
           manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_SESSION_EXPIRED: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_SESSION_EXPIRED}
           manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_GET_ALL_SESSIONS: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_GET_ALL_SESSIONS}
        </echo>   

    </target>
 
</project>
   

import: Import the JMX Accessor Project with <import file="${CATALINA.HOME}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml" /> and reference the tasks with jmxOpen, jmxSet, jmxGet, jmxQuery, jmxInvoke,jmxEquals and jmxCondition.

JMXAccessorOpenTask - JMX open connection task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
url Set JMX connection URL - service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi
host Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax. localhost
port Set the remote connection port 8050
username remote JMX connection user name.
password remote JMX connection password.
ref Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project. jmx.server
echo Echo the command usage (for access analysis or debugging) false
if Only execute if a property of the given name exists in the current project.
unless Only execute if a property of the given name not exists in the current project.

Example to open a new JMX connection

    <jmx:open
            host="${jmx.server.name}"
            port="${jmx.server.port}"
    />

Example to open a JMX connection from URL, with authorization and store at other reference

    <jmx:open
            url="service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9024/jmxrmi"
            ref="jmx.server.9024"
            username="controlRole"
            password="tomcat"    
    />

Example to open a JMX connection from URL, with authorization and store at other reference, but only when property jmx.if exists and jmx.unless not exists

    <jmx:open
            url="service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9024/jmxrmi"
            ref="jmx.server.9024"
            username="controlRole"
            password="tomcat"    
            if="jmx.if"    
            unless="jmx.unless"    
    />

Note: All properties from jmxOpen task also exists at all other tasks and conditions.

JMXAccessorGetTask: get attribute value Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=Server
attribute Existing MBean attribute (see Tomcat MBean description above)
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false
resultproperty Save result at this project property
delimiter Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizier) and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
separatearrayresults When return value is an array, save result as property list ($resultproperty.[0..N] and $resultproperty.length) true

Example to get remote MBean attribute from default JMX connection

    <jmx:get
        name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost" 
        attribute="maxActiveSessions"
        resultproperty="servlets-examples.maxActiveSessions"
    />

Example to get and result array and split it at separate properties

    <jmx:get
        name="Catalina:type=ClusterSender,host=localhost" 
        attribute="senderObjectNames"
        resultproperty="senderObjectNames"
    />
Access the senderObjectNames properties with:
    ${senderObjectNames.length} give the number of returned sender list.
    ${senderObjectNames.[0..N]} found all sender object names

Example to get IDataSender attribute connected only when cluster is configured.

<jmx:query
    failonerror="false"
    name="Catalina:type=Cluster,host=${tomcat.application.host}"
    resultproperty="cluster"
/>
<jmx:get
    name="Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=${tomcat.application.host},senderAddress=${cluster.backup.address},senderPort=${cluster.backup.port}" 
    attribute="connected"
    resultproperty="datasender.connected"
    if="cluster.0.name" />

JMXAccessorSetTask: set attribute value Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=Server
attribute Existing MBean attribute (see Tomcat MBean description above)
value value that set to attribute
type type of the attribute. java.lang.String
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false

Example to set remote MBean attribute value

    <jmx:set
        name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost" 
        attribute="maxActiveSessions"
        value="500"
        type="int"
    />

JMXAccessorInvokeTask: invoke MBean operation Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=Server
operation Existing MBean operation (see Tomcat funcspecs/fs-admin-opers.html).
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false
resultproperty Save result at this project property
delimiter Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizier) and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
separatearrayresults When return value is an array, save result as property list ($resultproperty.[0..N] and $resultproperty.length) true

stop an application

    <jmx:invoke
        name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost" 
        operation="stop"/>
Now you can find the sessionid at ${sessions.[0..N} properties and access the count with ${sessions.length} property.

Example to get all sessionids

    <jmx:invoke
        name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost" 
        operation="listSessionIds"
        resultproperty="sessions"
        delimiter=" "        
    />
Now you can find the sessionid at ${sessions.[0..N} properties and access the count with ${sessions.length} property.

Example to get remote MBean session attribute from session ${sessionid.0}

    <jmx:invoke
        name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost" 
        operation="getSessionAttribute"
        resultproperty="hello">
         <arg value="${sessionid.0}"/>
         <arg value="Hello" />
 </jmx:invoke>

Example to create a new access logger valve at vhost localhost

 <jmx:invoke
         name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory" 
         operation="createAccessLoggerValve"
         resultproperty="accessLoggerObjectName"
 >
     <arg value="Catalina:type=Host,host=localhost"/>
 </jmx:invoke>
Now you can find new MBean with name stored at ${accessLoggerObjectName} property.

JMXAccessorQueryTask: query MBean Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name JMX ObjectName query string -- Catalina:type=Manager,*
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false
resultproperty Prefix project property name to all founded MBeans (mbeans.[0..N].objectname)
attributebinduing bind ALL MBean attributes in addition to name false
delimiter Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizier) and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
separatearrayresults When return value is an array, save result as property list ($resultproperty.[0..N] and $resultproperty.length) true

Get all Manager ObjectNames from all services and Hosts

  <jmx:query
           name="Catalina:type=Manager,* 
           resultproperty="manager" />
Now you can find the Session Manager at ${manager.[0..N].name} properties and access the result object counter with ${manager.length} property.

Example to get the Manager from servlet-examples application an bind all MBean properties

  <jmx:query
           name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlet-examples,host=localhost*" 
           attributebinding="true"
           resultproperty="manager.servletExamples" />
Now you can find the manager at ${manager.servletExamples.0.name} property and can access all properties from this manager with ${manager.servletExamples.0.[manager attribute names]}. The result object counter from MBeans is stored ad ${manager.length} property.

Example to get all MBeans from a server and store inside an external XML property file

<project name="jmx.query"         
            xmlns:jmx="antlib:org.apache.catalina.ant.jmx"
            default="query-all" basedir=".">
<property name="jmx.host" value="localhost"/>
<property name="jmx.port" value="8050"/>
<property name="jmx.username" value="controlRole"/>
<property name="jmx.password" value="tomcat"/>

<target name="query-all" description="Query all MBeans of a server">
<!-- Configure connection -->
<jmx:open 
    host="${jmx.host}"
    port="${jmx.port}"
    ref="jmx.server"
    username="${jmx.username}"
    password="${jmx.password}"/>
<!-- Query MBean list -->
<jmx:query 
    name="*:*"
    resultproperty="mbeans"
    attributebinding="false"/>
    
<echoproperties
    destfile="mbeans.properties"
    prefix="mbeans."
    format="xml"/>
    
<!-- Print results -->
<echo
    message="Number of MBeans in server ${jmx.host}:${jmx.port} is ${mbeans.length}"/>
</target>
</project>
Now you can find all MBeans inside the file mbeans.properties.

JMXAccessorCreateTask: remote create MBean Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=MBeanFactory
className Existing MBean full qualified class name (see Tomcat MBean description above)
classLoader ObjectName of server or web application classloader
( Catalina:type=ServerClassLoader,name=[server,common,shared] or
Catalina:type=WebappClassLoader,context=/myapps,host=localhost)
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false

Example to create remote MBean

    <jmx:create
             ref="${jmx.reference}"
             name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory"
             className="org.apache.commons.modeler.BaseModelMBean"
             classLoader="Catalina:type=ServerClassLoader,name=server">             
             <Arg value="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory" />
    </jmx:create> 

Warning: Many Tomcat MBeans can't be linked to their parent once
created. The Valve, Cluster and Realm MBeans are not automatically
connected with their parent. Use the MBeanFacrory create
operation instead.

JMXAccessorUnregisterTask: remote unregister MBean Ant task

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=MBeanFactory
ref JMX Connection reference jmx.server
echo Echo command usage (access and result) false

Example to unregister remote MBean

    <jmx:unregister
        name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory" 
    />

Warning: A lot of Tomcat MBeans can't be unregister.
The MBeans are not unlinked from their parent. Use MBeanFacrory
remove operation instead.

JMXAccessorCondition: express condition

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
url Set JMX connection URL - service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi
host Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax. localhost
port Set the remote connection port 8050
username remote JMX connection user name.
password remote JMX connection password.
ref Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project. jmx.server
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=Server
echo Echo condition usage (access and result) false
if Only execute if a property of the given name exists in the current project.
unless Only execute if a property of the given name not exists in the current project.
value (requiered) Second arg for operation
type Value type to express operation (support long and double) long
operation express one
  • == equals
  • != not equals
  • > greater than (&gt;)
  • >= greater than or equals (&gt;=)
  • < lesser than (&lt;)
  • <= lesser than or equals (&lt;=)
==

Wait for server connection and that cluster backup node is accessable

      <target name="wait">
         <waitfor maxwait="${maxwait}" maxwaitunit="second" timeoutproperty="server.timeout" >
            <and>
                <socket server="${server.name}" port="${server.port}"/>
                <http url="${url}"/>
                <jmx:condition
                    operation="==" 
                    host="localhost" 
                    port="9014"
                    username="controlRole"
                    password="tomcat"
                    name="Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,senderAddress=192.168.111.1,senderPort=9025"
                    attribute="connected"
                    value="true"
                />
            </and>
        </waitfor>
        <fail if="server.timeout" message="Server ${url} don't answer inside ${maxwait} sec" />
        <echo message="Server ${url} alive" />
    </target>

JMXAccessorEqualsCondition: equals MBean Ant condition

List of Attributes
Attribute Description Default value
url Set JMX connection URL - service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi
host Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax. localhost
port Set the remote connection port 8050
username remote JMX connection user name.
password remote JMX connection password.
ref Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project. jmx.server
name Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- Catalina:type=Server
echo Echo condition usage (access and result) false

Wait for server connection and that cluster backup node is accessible

      <target name="wait">
         <waitfor maxwait="${maxwait}" maxwaitunit="second" timeoutproperty="server.timeout" >
            <and>
                <socket server="${server.name}" port="${server.port}"/>
                <http url="${url}"/>
                <jmx:equals 
                    host="localhost" 
                    port="9014"
                    username="controlRole"
                    password="tomcat"
                    name="Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,senderAddress=192.168.111.1,senderPort=9025"
                    attribute="connected"
                    value="true"
                />
            </and>
        </waitfor>
        <fail if="server.timeout" message="Server ${url} don't answer inside ${maxwait} sec" />
        <echo message="Server ${url} alive" />
    </target>


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